This Current Affairs Quiz 2025 (Part 2) is designed to help aspirants prepare for TNPSC and other competitive exams with confidence. It includes latest current affairs questions in the form of MCQ-based practice, covering important national and international updates. Practicing this current affairs quiz with answers will improve your general awareness and boost your performance in competitive exams. These current affairs MCQ questions 2025 are carefully selected based on exam trends to help you revise effectively and score better.
Note: Detailed explanation for all questions with correct answers is provided below the Test, which helping you to understand the concept clearly and avoid common mistakes.
Current Affairs Quiz 2 – Detailed Explanation
The Concept Booster section provides a quick revision of latest current affairs 2025 with detailed explanations based on important topics asked in TNPSC and other competitive exams. These current affairs MCQ explanations help you understand key events, international summits, government schemes, economy updates, science & technology developments, and environmental issues.
This section is designed to strengthen your general awareness by connecting concepts with real-world events, making it easier to recall answers during exams.
1. The 2025 World Health Assembly was held in?
Answer: C. Geneva
Detailed Explanation
The 78th World Health Assembly (WHA78) was held from 19 to 27 May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland, under the theme “One World for Health.” The World Health Assembly is the highest decision-making body of the World Health Organization (WHO) and is attended by delegations from WHO Member States.
The 2025 Assembly discussed several important global health issues. One of the major outcomes was the adoption of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, aimed at strengthening international cooperation on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Paris – Paris is the capital of France, but it was not the venue for the 2025 World Health Assembly.
- B. New York – New York hosts the headquarters of the United Nations, but the World Health Assembly is held in Geneva.
- D. Vienna – Vienna hosts several international organizations, but it was not the venue for WHA78.
2. Which country hosted the 2025 BRICS Summit?
Answer: A. Brazil
Detailed Explanation
The 17th BRICS Summit was hosted by Brazil and held in Rio de Janeiro on 6–7 July 2025. Brazil held the BRICS presidency in 2025 and organized the summit under the theme “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance.”
The summit brought together leaders of BRICS member countries and addressed areas including global governance, economic and financial cooperation, health, climate change and artificial intelligence.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- B. Russia – Russia held the BRICS presidency in 2024, not in 2025.
- C. India – India is a BRICS member and is scheduled to hold the presidency in 2026, but did not host the 2025 summit.
- D. China – China is a BRICS member but did not host the 2025 summit.
3. India launched the “National Critical Minerals Mission” in?
Answer: C. 2025
Detailed Explanation
India launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) in 2025 to strengthen the country’s supply of critical minerals needed for sectors such as renewable energy, electric vehicles, electronics and defence. The Union Cabinet approved the mission in January 2025, with an emphasis on increasing domestic exploration, mining, processing and recycling of critical minerals.
The mission also aims to reduce India’s dependence on imports by developing a more secure and resilient critical mineral supply chain.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. 2023 – The mission had not yet been launched in 2023.
- B. 2024 – Critical minerals were receiving policy attention, but the NCMM itself was approved and launched in 2025.
- D. 2026 – The mission was already launched in 2025.
4. The 2025 Global Cybersecurity Summit hosted by ST Engineering was held in which country?
Answer: B. Singapore
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 Global Cybersecurity Summit hosted by ST Engineering was held in Singapore on 4 July 2025. The summit brought together more than 1,000 leaders from government, industry and academia to discuss emerging cybersecurity challenges. Key discussions included the growing impact of artificial intelligence (AI), cyber threats and quantum computing on digital security.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. USA – The summit was not held in the United States.
- C. UK – The United Kingdom was not the host country for this summit.
- D. India – The 2025 ST Engineering Global Cybersecurity Summit was held in Singapore, not India.
5. Which country became a new full member of BRICS in 2025?
Answer: B. Indonesia
Detailed Explanation
Indonesia became a full member of BRICS on 1 January 2025, becoming the first country to join the grouping as a full member during Brazil’s 2025 BRICS presidency. Indonesia’s admission had been approved at the 2023 BRICS Summit in Johannesburg and was formally announced by Brazil on 6 January 2025.
With Indonesia’s entry, BRICS had 11 full members. In contrast, countries such as Thailand and Vietnam joined the BRICS partner-country category, rather than becoming full members.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Thailand – Thailand became a BRICS partner country, not a full member.
- C. Turkey – Turkey did not become a full BRICS member in 2025.
- D. Vietnam – Vietnam became a BRICS partner country in June 2025, not a full member.
6. The 2025 ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup was hosted by?
Answer: B. India
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup was hosted by India and was the 13th edition of the ICC Women’s 50-over World Cup. The tournament was scheduled from 30 September to 2 November 2025, with India hosting the majority of the matches and Sri Lanka also serving as a venue.
The tournament featured eight teams competing in a round-robin league stage, followed by the semi-finals and final. The World Cup returned to India after 12 years, having last been hosted there in 2013.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Australia – Australia entered the tournament as the defending champions but was not the host.
- C. England – England participated in the tournament but was not the host country.
- D. South Africa – South Africa was one of the participating teams but did not host the 2025 World Cup.
7. India signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with which European bloc in 2025?
Answer: B. EFTA
Detailed Explanation
India signed the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), comprising Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The agreement was signed on 10 March 2024, but it entered into force on 1 October 2025, making it an important trade development of 2025.
The agreement aims to strengthen trade, investment and economic cooperation between India and the EFTA countries. It covers areas such as trade in goods and services, investment promotion, intellectual property and trade facilitation.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. EU – The European Union is a separate European grouping. India’s 2025 trade agreement referred to in this question was with EFTA.
- C. NATO – NATO is a political and military alliance, not a trade bloc.
- D. OECD – The OECD is an international organization focused on economic cooperation and policy development; it was not the bloc involved in this agreement.
8. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for research in?
Answer: D. Macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomena
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit. Their experiments demonstrated that quantum mechanical effects, normally associated with microscopic particles, can also be observed in a system large enough to be considered macroscopic.
The research involved a superconducting electrical circuit containing a Josephson junction. The scientists demonstrated quantum tunnelling and showed that the circuit could occupy specific, quantised energy levels. These findings contributed to the development of technologies such as quantum computers and quantum sensors.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. AI chips – AI chips were not the research area cited for the 2025 Physics Nobel Prize.
- B. Quantum computing – Quantum computing is related to the research and may benefit from it, but it was not the official citation for the award.
- C. Climate modelling – Climate modelling was not the subject of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics.
9. India successfully tested its Agni-5 missile in?
Answer: C. 2025
Detailed Explanation
India successfully test-fired the Agni-5 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile on 20 August 2025 from the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha. The test was conducted under the aegis of the Strategic Forces Command and successfully validated the missile’s operational and technical parameters.
The Agni-5 is an indigenously developed long-range ballistic missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The missile is an important component of India’s strategic defence capabilities. Earlier, in 2024, India had also conducted Mission Divyastra, the first flight test of Agni-5 with MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle) technology.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. 2023 – The Agni-5 test referred to in this question was not conducted in 2023.
- B. 2024 – Agni-5 was tested with MIRV technology during Mission Divyastra in 2024, but the test referred to in this question took place in 2025.
- D. 2026 – The Agni-5 test mentioned here was already successfully conducted in August 2025.
10. The 2025 Asian Development Bank (ADB) Annual Meeting was held in which city?
Answer: C. Milan
Detailed Explanation
The 58th Annual Meeting of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) was held in Milan, Italy, from 4 to 7 May 2025. It was the first time Italy hosted the ADB Annual Meeting. The meeting brought together government representatives, finance ministers, central bank governors, development partners and other stakeholders to discuss economic and development challenges in Asia and the Pacific.
The theme of the 2025 Annual Meeting was “Sharing Experience, Building Tomorrow.” Discussions focused on areas such as food systems, digital transformation, energy, climate resilience and sustainable development.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Manila – Manila is the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, but it did not host the 2025 Annual Meeting.
- B. Tokyo – Tokyo was not the venue for the 2025 ADB Annual Meeting.
- D. Tbilisi – Tbilisi hosted the 57th ADB Annual Meeting in 2024, not the 2025 meeting.
11. The 2025 World Environment Day global host country was?
Answer: D. Republic of Korea
Detailed Explanation
The Republic of Korea was the global host country for World Environment Day 2025, with the official celebrations held in Jeju Province on 5 June 2025. The 2025 observance focused on ending global plastic pollution under the campaign #BeatPlasticPollution. UNEP highlighted the need for solutions across the entire life cycle of plastics, including reducing unnecessary plastic use, reuse and recycling.
The choice of the Republic of Korea was also significant because Jeju Province has introduced initiatives to reduce plastic waste and has set a vision of becoming free from plastic pollution.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. India – India participated in World Environment Day activities but was not the global host country in 2025.
- B. UAE – The UAE was not the host country for the 2025 global celebrations.
- C. Brazil – Brazil was not the host country for World Environment Day 2025.
- D. Republic of Korea – Correct; it hosted the 2025 global celebrations in Jeju.
12. India launched the “Digital Agriculture Stack 2.0” in?
Answer: B. 2025
Detailed Explanation
In 2025, India continued to strengthen its digital agriculture ecosystem through AgriStack under the Digital Agriculture Mission. The system brings together important agricultural databases and digital infrastructure to provide farmers with better access to services and enable more efficient, data-driven agricultural governance.
AgriStack includes key components such as the Farmers Registry, Geo-Referenced Village Maps and Crop Sown Registry. These digital systems can support services related to credit, crop insurance, procurement and other farmer welfare programmes. The Digital Agriculture Mission itself was approved in September 2024 with an outlay of ₹2,817 crore.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. 2024 – The Digital Agriculture Mission was approved in 2024, but the question refers to the 2025 development.
- C. 2023 – The digital agriculture framework had not been launched in the form referred to in the question in 2023.
- D. 2026 – The digital agriculture initiatives were already being implemented during 2025
13. The 2025 G7 Summit was hosted by?
Answer: C. Canada
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 G7 Leaders’ Summit was hosted by Canada and held in Kananaskis, Alberta, from 15 to 17 June 2025. Canada held the G7 Presidency in 2025 and led discussions on issues including global economic stability, energy security, critical minerals, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies and international security.
The 2025 summit was particularly significant as it marked the 50th anniversary of the G7, which was founded in 1975. Canada had previously hosted G7 summits in 1981, 1988, 1995, 2002, 2010 and 2018.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. USA – The United States did not hold the G7 Presidency in 2025.
- B. Italy – Italy hosted the 2024 G7 Summit, held in Apulia.
- D. Germany – Germany did not host the 2025 G7 Summit; its most recent G7 Leaders’ Summit was in 2022.
14. India’s forex reserves crossed which milestone in 2025?
Answer: C. $700 billion
Detailed Explanation
India’s foreign exchange (forex) reserves briefly crossed the $700 billion mark in the week ending 27 June 2025. The reserves had reached around $697.9 billion as of 13 June 2025 and subsequently crossed the milestone before moderating to $695.5 billion by 18 July 2025.
Forex reserves provide India with a financial buffer to meet external payment obligations and support confidence in the country’s external sector. The reserves include foreign currency assets, gold, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and India’s reserve position with the IMF.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. $600 billion – India’s forex reserves had already crossed this level before 2025.
- B. $650 billion – The reserves were above this level during 2025.
- D. $750 billion – India’s forex reserves did not reach $750 billion in 2025.
Small accuracy note: India had already crossed the $700 billion mark in 2024, reaching about $704.9 billion in September 2024. The significance of this question is that reserves crossed the $700 billion level again, briefly, in 2025.
15. The 2025 World Happiness Report ranked India at approximately?
Answer: B. Around 100th position
Detailed Explanation
According to the World Happiness Report 2025, India was ranked 118th out of 147 countries. The report evaluates countries based on people’s self-reported life evaluations, with the rankings based on data from the Gallup World Poll. The 2025 report focused particularly on the relationship between caring, sharing and happiness.
India’s 118th position places it well below the top 50, making the option “Around 100th position” the closest answer among the choices given.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Top 50 – India was ranked 118th, so it was not among the top 50.
- C. Top 20 – India was not among the top 20 countries in the 2025 report.
- D. Top 10 – India was not among the top 10 countries in the ranking.
16. Which country won the UEFA Euro 2025?
Answer: D. England
Detailed Explanation
England won the UEFA Women’s EURO 2025, defeating Spain in the final at St. Jakob-Park in Basel, Switzerland, on 27 July 2025. The match ended 1–1 after extra time, with England winning 3–1 on penalties. This gave England its second consecutive Women’s EURO title, following its victory in 2022.
The tournament was held across Switzerland from 2 to 27 July 2025, with 16 teams competing. England’s victory made it only the second team after Germany to successfully retain the Women’s EURO title.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. France – France participated in the tournament but did not reach the final.
- B. Spain – Spain reached the final but lost to England in the penalty shoot-out.
- C. Germany – Germany reached the semi-finals but lost to Spain in extra time.
17. India’s first quantum communication satellite is planned under?
Answer: B. National Quantum Mission
Detailed Explanation
India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM) includes the development of satellite-based secure quantum communication as one of its key objectives. The mission aims to establish secure quantum communication between ground stations over a distance of up to 2,000 km within India, as well as enable long-distance secure quantum communication with other countries.
The NQM was approved by the Union Cabinet in April 2023 with an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for eight years. It focuses on four major areas: quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing and metrology, and quantum materials and devices. The Quantum Communication Thematic Hub is hosted by IIT Madras in association with C-DOT.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. ISRO Quantum Project – This is not the official national mission under which the satellite-based quantum communication objective is being pursued.
- C. BharatNet – BharatNet focuses on providing broadband connectivity to rural areas and is not a quantum communication programme.
- D. DRDO SkyNet – This is not the government initiative identified for developing satellite-based quantum communication.
18. The 2025 IMF Global Growth Outlook projected India’s growth around?
Answer: C. 6–7%
Detailed Explanation
The IMF’s April 2025 World Economic Outlook projected India’s real GDP growth at 6.2% for 2025, placing the forecast within the 6–7% range given in the options. The IMF noted that India’s growth was expected to remain relatively strong, supported particularly by private consumption, including rural demand.
The IMF later revised its 2025 projection to 6.4% in its July 2025 World Economic Outlook Update. This still falls within the 6–7% range used in the question.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. 4% – This is below the IMF’s projected growth range for India.
- B. 5% – This is also below the IMF’s 2025 projection for India.
- D. 8–9% – The IMF did not project India’s 2025 growth at this level.
19. The 2025 UN Climate Adaptation Fund was discussed during?
Answer: B. COP30
Detailed Explanation
The Adaptation Fund was an important part of climate-finance discussions at COP30, held in Belém, Brazil, from 10 to 21 November 2025. The Fund supports developing countries in implementing projects that help communities adapt to climate change and build resilience. At COP30, discussions included the Fund’s resource mobilization and efforts to increase financial support for vulnerable countries.
In 2025, the Adaptation Fund set a resource-mobilization target of at least US$300 million, and new financial pledges were announced during COP30 to support climate adaptation efforts.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. COP29 – COP29 was held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in 2024. It addressed adaptation finance, but the question refers to the 2025 discussions.
- C. COP28 – COP28 was held in Dubai, UAE, in 2023.
- D. UNGA 2025 – The United Nations General Assembly was not the main UN climate conference associated with the 2025 Adaptation Fund discussions.
20. India launched the Bharat 6G Testbed expansion in?
Answer: C. 2025
Detailed Explanation
India continued the expansion of its 6G research and testing ecosystem in 2025 under the broader Bharat 6G Mission. During the year, the government supported additional 6G research initiatives, including the development of advanced testbeds and new research proposals aimed at strengthening indigenous 6G technology and innovation.
The original Bharat 6G Testbed itself was launched in March 2023 to provide researchers, startups and industry with a platform for developing and testing next-generation communication technologies. Therefore, the question is specifically referring to the expansion of the 6G testbed ecosystem in 2025, rather than the original launch of the testbed.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. 2023 – This was the year the original Bharat 6G Testbed was launched.
- B. 2024 – 6G research and development continued, but this is not the year associated with the expansion mentioned in the question.
- D. 2026 – Further 6G developments occurred in 2026, but they are outside the year specified in the question.
21. The 2025 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit was hosted by?
Answer: C. South Korea
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit was hosted by South Korea, with the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting held in Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, from October 31 to November 1, 2025. South Korea hosted APEC under the theme “Building a Sustainable Tomorrow”, with the three priorities of Connect, Innovate and Prosper.
The summit focused on regional economic cooperation, trade, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, sustainability and inclusive economic growth. The leaders adopted the APEC Leaders’ Gyeongju Declaration at the conclusion of the meeting.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. USA – The United States was an APEC member economy but did not host the 2025 summit.
- B. Peru – Peru hosted APEC in 2024.
- D. China – China is scheduled to host APEC in 2026, not 2025.
22. The 2025 Global Startup Ecosystem Report ranked Bengaluru as?
Answer: C. Top 20 globally
Detailed Explanation
The 2025 Global Startup Ecosystem Report (GSER) by Startup Genome ranked Bengaluru-Karnataka at 14th globally, placing it among the Top 20 startup ecosystems in the world. Bengaluru improved seven positions from the previous year, reflecting its strong performance in areas such as startup funding, exits, talent, market reach and innovation.
The report evaluates startup ecosystems using factors including performance, funding, market reach, talent and experience, AI-native transition, and knowledge. Bengaluru-Karnataka was also ranked 6th among Asian startup ecosystems in the 2025 regional ranking.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Top 5 globally – Bengaluru was ranked 14th, not within the global Top 5.
- B. Top 10 globally – Its global position was outside the Top 10.
- D. Not ranked – Bengaluru-Karnataka was included in the report’s global ranking
23. India’s “Green Steel Mission” focuses on?
Answer: B. Low-carbon steel production
Detailed Explanation
India’s Green Steel Mission focuses on reducing carbon emissions from the steel sector and promoting low-carbon and sustainable steel production. The initiative supports cleaner technologies, energy efficiency, renewable energy, green hydrogen and other measures to help decarbonize steelmaking and move towards India’s net-zero target.
The Ministry of Steel has also introduced a Green Steel Taxonomy to define and classify low-emission steel based on its carbon intensity. This provides a framework for encouraging steel producers to adopt greener production technologies.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Export promotion – Export growth is not the primary objective of the Green Steel Mission.
- C. Railway expansion – Railway development is unrelated to the mission’s main objective.
- D. Defense manufacturing – Defence is an important steel-consuming sector, but defence manufacturing is not the focus of the Green Steel Mission.
24. The 2025 UN General Assembly session was chaired by?
Answer: C. Annalena Baerbock
Detailed Explanation
The 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) was presided over by Annalena Baerbock of Germany. She was elected President of the General Assembly on 2 June 2025 and took office for the 80th session, which runs from September 2025 to September 2026.
Baerbock became the fifth woman to serve as President of the UN General Assembly. The theme of her presidency was “Better Together: 80 years and more for peace, development and human rights.”
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. India – India did not hold the presidency of the 80th UNGA session.
- B. Germany – Germany nominated Baerbock, but the presidency is held by an individual, not the country.
- D. USA – The United States did not hold the presidency of the 80th UNGA session
25. The IndiaAI Compute Portal was launched in which city in 2025?
Answer: C. New Delhi
Detailed Explanation
The IndiaAI Compute Portal was launched in New Delhi on 6 March 2025 under the IndiaAI Mission. The portal provides access to AI computing resources such as GPUs, along with network, storage, platform and cloud services, at subsidised rates for startups, researchers, academia and other eligible users.
The initiative is part of India’s effort to expand affordable AI computing infrastructure and support AI research, innovation and development of indigenous AI models.
Why Other Options Are Wrong
- A. Bengaluru – Bengaluru is an important AI and technology hub, but it was not the launch location of the IndiaAI Compute Portal.
- B. Hyderabad – Hyderabad has major AI and technology infrastructure, but it was not the launch venue.
- D. Chennai – Chennai was not the launch location of the portal.
This quiz is based on recent updates and official government sources.
For latest government updates and current affairs, refer:
🔗 Press Information Bureau (PIB)
